ʻO ka ʻepekema ma hope o ka Ultrasound: Pehea e hana ai a me kāna mau noi lapaʻau

Ua lilo ka ʻenehana ultrasound i mea hana koʻikoʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou, e hāʻawi ana i nā hiki ke kiʻi ʻana ʻaʻole invasive e kōkua i ka ʻike a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. Mai nā scan prenatal a hiki i ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi o loko, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka ultrasound i ka mālama ola kino. Akā pehea ka hana pololei o ka ultrasound, a he aha ka mea e waiwai nui ai i nā noi lapaʻau? Ke noiʻi nei kēia ʻatikala i ka ʻepekema ma hope o ka ultrasound a me kāna mau noi like ʻole ma ke kahua lapaʻau.

He aha ka Ultrasound?

ʻO ke kani ultrasound e pili ana i nā nalu kani me nā alapine (frequencies) i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka lohe kanaka, ma mua o 20 kHz. I ke kiʻi ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau, hoʻohana pinepine nā mea ultrasound i nā alapine (frequencies) mai 1 MHz a i 15 MHz. ʻAʻole e like me nā kukuna X, ka mea e hoʻohana ana i ka radiation ionizing, hilinaʻi ke kani ultrasound i nā nalu kani, e lilo ia i koho palekana no nā mea maʻi a me nā loea olakino.

Pehea e hana ai ka Ultrasound

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kiʻi ʻana o ka ultrasound ma ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻohuli ʻana o nā nalu kani. Eia ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ke kaʻina hana:

1. Ka Hana ʻana o nā Nalu LeoHoʻopuka kahi mea i kapa ʻia he transducer i nā nalu kani alapine kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke kino. Loaʻa i ka transducer nā kristal piezoelectric e hoʻopuka a loaʻa i nā nalu kani ke kau ʻia i kahi hōʻailona uila.
2. Hoʻolaha a me ka Noʻonoʻo ʻanaKe hele nei kēia mau nalu kani ma o nā ʻiʻo like ʻole, hālāwai lākou me nā pilina ma waena o nā ʻano like ʻole (e like me ke wai a me nā ʻiʻo palupalu a iwi paha). Hele kekahi mau nalu, aʻo kekahi e hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka transducer.
3. ʻIke ʻana i ke kaniLoaʻa i ka transducer nā nalu kani i hōʻike ʻia (echoes), a hana ke kamepiula i nā hōʻailona e hoʻi mai ana e hana i nā kiʻi manawa maoli.
4. Hoʻokumu KiʻiHoʻololi ʻia nā ʻano ikaika like ʻole o nā leo i kiʻi hina hina i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pale, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻiʻo a me nā ʻano like ʻole i loko o ke kino.

Nā Hoʻohana o ka Ultrasound i ka Lāʻau Lapaʻau

1. Kiʻi Hōʻoia

ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohana kaulana loa o ka ultrasound ʻo ia ka diagnostics lapaʻau. ʻO kekahi o nā wahi koʻikoʻi e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka ultrasound:

• ʻO ka Obstetrics a me ka GynecologyHoʻohana ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpū, ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano ʻē i hānau ʻia, a me ka loiloi ʻana i nā pilikia o ka hāpai ʻana.
• Cardiology (Echocardiography)Kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano o ka puʻuwai, loiloi i ke kahe o ke koko, a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā kūlana o ka puʻuwai e like me nā maʻi valve a me nā kīnā hānau.
• Kiʻi ʻōpūHoʻohana ʻia e nānā i ke ake, ka ʻōpū paʻa, nā puʻupaʻa, ka pancreas, a me ka spleen, e ʻike ai i nā pilikia e like me nā tumors, cysts, a me nā gallstones.
• ʻO ka Ultrasound MusculoskeletalKōkua i ka loiloi ʻana i nā ʻeha i nā ʻiʻo, nā tendon, a me nā hono, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau haʻuki.
• Kiʻi o ka Thyroid a me ka UmaumaKōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā cysts, nā tumors, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka thyroid gland a me ka ʻiʻo umauma.

2. Ultrasound Interventional

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Ultrasound i ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā kaʻina hana minimally invasive e like me:

• Nā BiopsiesʻO ka biopsy aspiration nila maikaʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e ka ultrasound kahi hana maʻamau no ka lawe ʻana i nā laʻana o nā ʻiʻo mai nā ʻōpū e like me ke akepaʻa, ka umauma, a i ʻole ka thyroid.
• Nā Kaʻina Hana Hoʻokahe WaiKōkua i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ke kau ʻana o nā catheters e hoʻokahe i nā hōʻiliʻili wai (e like me nā abscesses, pleural effusions).
• Anesthesia ʻĀpanaHoʻohana ʻia e alakaʻi i ka hoʻokomo pololei ʻana o ka lāʻau anesthetic kokoke i nā aʻalolo no ka hoʻokele ʻeha.

3. ʻO ka Ultrasound Lapaʻau

Ma waho aʻe o ke kiʻi ʻana, loaʻa i ka ultrasound nā noi therapeutic, e like me:

• Hoʻōla Kino a me ka Hoʻōla Hou ʻanaHoʻohana ʻia ka ultrasound haʻahaʻa e paipai i ka ho'ōla ʻana o nā ʻiʻo, hoʻēmi i ka ʻeha, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kahe koko.
• ʻO ke Ultrasound i kālele ʻia me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe (HIFU)He ʻano lapaʻau invasive ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia e luku i nā hunaola kanesa i nā kūlana e like me ke kanesa prostate.
• LithotripsyHoʻohana i nā nalu ultrasound e wāwahi i nā pōhaku puʻupaʻa i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hoʻokuʻu maoli ʻia.

Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ka Ultrasound

• ʻAʻole komo a palekanaʻAʻole e like me nā X-ray a i ʻole CT scans, ʻaʻole hōʻike ka ultrasound i nā maʻi i ka radiation ionizing.
• Kiʻi Manawa Maoli: ʻAe i ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano neʻe e like me ke kahe koko a me nā neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū.
• Lawe lima a kūpono hoʻi ke kumukūʻaiHoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā MRI a i ʻole CT scans, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai kūpono o nā mīkini ultrasound a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma nā wahi moe.
• He mea maʻalahiHe mea pono i nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole, mai ka obstetrics a i ka cardiology a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau ulia pōpilikia.

Nā Palena o ka Ultrasound

ʻOiai me kona nui o nā pono, aia kekahi mau palena o ka ultrasound:

• Ka komo palena ʻiaʻAʻole komo hohonu nā nalu ultrasound kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke kino, e paʻakikī ai ke ʻike i nā ʻōpū hohonu.
• Hilinaʻi o ka Mea HanaʻO ke ʻano o nā kiʻi ultrasound e pili ana i ke akamai a me ka ʻike o ka mea hoʻohana.
• Paʻakikī ke kiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano i piha i ka ea a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​iwiʻAʻole hana maikaʻi ka Ultrasound no ke kiʻi ʻana i nā hale i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka ea (e like me nā māmā) a i ʻole nā ​​​​iwi, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki i nā nalu kani ke hele pono ma o lākou.

Nā Hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana ma ka ʻenehana Ultrasound

Ke hoʻomau nei ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana ultrasound i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kona mau hiki. ʻO kekahi mau hoʻomohala hoʻohiki:

• Hoʻohui ʻia o ka ʻIke Hana (AI)Hiki i ka ultrasound i hoʻohana ʻia e AI ke kōkua i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kiʻi, e hōʻemi ana i nā hewa a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ka diagnostics.
• Kiʻi 3D a me 4DʻO nā ʻano hana kiʻi i hoʻonui ʻia e hāʻawi i nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical kikoʻī, he mea pono loa ia i ke kiʻi ʻana i ka fetal a me ka cardiology.
• Nā Mea Hana Ultrasound Paʻa Lima a me nā Mea Hana Uea ʻoleKe hoʻolilo nei nā polokalamu ultrasound lawe lima i mea maʻalahi ke komo ʻana i nā kiʻi lapaʻau, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi mamao a me nā wahi pilikia.
• ʻElastographyHe ʻano hana e loiloi ai i ka paʻakikī o nā ʻiʻo, e kōkua ana i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kūlana e like me ka fibrosis o ke ake a me nā puʻupuʻu.