Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka fingertip pulse oximeter e Millikan i ka makahiki 1940 e nānā i ka neʻe ʻana o ka oxygen i ke koko arterial, kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka paʻakikī o COVID-19.ʻo Yonker i kēia manawa e wehewehe i ka hana ʻana o ka oximeter pulse fingertip?
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona spectral absorption o ka ʻiʻo olaola: Ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia ka mālamalama i ka ʻiʻo biological, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hopena o ke kino ola ma ka mālamalama i ʻehā mau ʻāpana, me ka absorption, scattering, reflection and fluorescence. Hoʻoponopono nui ʻia ka ʻiʻo e ka absorption. Ke komo ka malamalama i kekahi mau mea akaka (paʻa, wai a i ʻole kinoea), emi nui ka ikaika o ke kukui ma muli o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o kekahi mau mea alapine kikoʻī, ʻo ia ke ʻano absorption o ka māmā e nā mea. ʻO ka nui o ka māmā e hoʻomoʻa ʻia e kekahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo kona mānoanoa optical, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo absorbance.
Schematic diagram of light absorption by matter in the whole process of light propagation, the amount of light absorbed by matter is proportional to 3 mau kumu, oia ka ikaika o ka malamalama, ka mamao o ke ala malamalama a me ka helu o ka malamalama-absorbing particles on ka pauku kea o ke ala malamalama. Ma ka manaʻo o ka mea homogeneous, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻāpana māmā ma ka pauku keʻa e like me nā ʻāpana māmā o kēlā me kēia leo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻāpana māmā, hiki ke loaʻa i ke kānāwai o ka pia lambert: hiki ke unuhi ʻia e like me ka ʻike kumu a ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ala optical no kēlā me kēia leo o ka optical density, hiki ke pane i ke ʻano o ka māmā suction material. E hoʻololi wale ʻia ka piko absorption ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, akā ʻaʻole e loli ke kūlana pili. I ke kaʻina hana absorption, lawe ʻia ka absorption o nā mea i loko o ka leo o ka ʻāpana like, a ʻaʻole pili nā mea hoʻopili i kekahi i kekahi, a ʻaʻohe pūhui fluorescent, a ʻaʻohe hanana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā waiwai o ka waena ma muli o kukui uila. No laila, no ka hoʻonā ʻana me nā ʻāpana absorption N, hoʻohui ʻia ka mānoanoa optical. Hāʻawi ka additivity o ka optical density i ke kumu kumu no ke ana nui o nā ʻāpana absorbent i loko o nā hui.
I loko o nā optics biological tissue, kapa ʻia ka ʻāpana spectral o 600 ~ 1300nm "ka puka aniani o ka spectroscopy biological", a he koʻikoʻi ko ke kukui i loko o kēia pūʻulu no ka nui o nā ʻano lāʻau spectral i ʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ma ka ʻāpana infrared, lilo ka wai i mea hoʻomāmā māmā i loko o nā ʻiʻo olaola, no laila, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka nalu i lawe ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana pono e pale i ka piko o ka wai i mea e loaʻa maikaʻi ai ka ʻike hoʻomaʻamaʻa māmā o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia. No laila, i loko o kahi kokoke-infrared spectrum range o 600-950nm, ʻo nā mea nui o ka ʻiʻo manamana lima o ke kanaka me ka māmā absorption hiki ke komo i ka wai i loko o ke koko, O2Hb(oxygenated hemoglobin), RHb (hoemi hoʻemi ʻia) a me ka melanin ʻili peripheral a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
No laila, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa ka ʻike kūpono o ka ʻike ʻana o ka ʻāpana e ana ʻia i loko o ke kiko ma o ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻikepili o ka spectrum emission. No laila, ke loaʻa iā mākou nā manaʻo O2Hb a me RHb, ʻike mākou i ka saturation oxygen.ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka oxygen SpO2ʻo ia ka pākēneka o ka nui o ka oxygen-bound oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) i loko o ke koko ma ke ʻano he pākēneka o ka huina o ka hemoglobin paʻa (Hb), ke ʻano o ke koko oxygen pulse no ke aha i kapa ʻia ai ka pulse oximeter? Eia kekahi manaʻo hou: ka hawewe pulse volume kahe koko. I kēlā me kēia pōʻai puʻuwai, ʻo ka ʻoki ʻana o ka puʻuwai e piʻi ai ke kahe koko i loko o nā kīʻaha koko o ke aʻa aortic, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka paia o ka moku koko. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka diastole o ka puʻuwai ke kumu e hāʻule ai ke koko i loko o nā kīʻaha koko o ke aʻa aortic, kahi e ʻoki ai ka paia o ka moku koko. Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka pōʻai cardiac, e hoʻololi mau ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke koko i loko o nā kīʻaha koko o ke aʻa aortic i nā moku i lalo i pili pū me ia a hiki i ka ʻōnaehana arterial holoʻokoʻa. ʻo ka pā aʻe aʻe holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka paʻi pinepine ʻana o ka puʻuwai e hana i nā nalu pulse i loko o ke aorta e kahe ana i mua ma nā paia o nā kīʻaha koko a puni ka ʻōnaehana arterial. I kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻonui a paʻa ka puʻuwai, hoʻololi ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaomi i loko o ka ʻōnaehana arterial e hoʻopuka i kahi hawewe pulse manawa. ʻO kēia ka mea a mākou i kapa ai i ka nalu pulse. Hiki i ka nalu Pulse ke hōʻike i nā ʻike physiological e like me ka puʻuwai, ke koko a me ke kahe o ke koko, hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi no ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i nā ʻāpana kino o ke kino kanaka.
I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia ka nalu pulse i ka hawewe pulse kaomi a me ka hawewe pulse volume ʻelua ʻano. ʻO ka hawewe pulse kaomi ka mea nui i ka lawe ʻana i ke koko, ʻoiai ka hawewe pulse volume e hōʻike ana i nā loli manawa o ke kahe koko. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hawewe puʻupuʻu puʻuwai, loaʻa i ka hawewe pulse volumetric ka ʻike ʻoi aku ka nui o ka cardiovascular e like me nā kīʻaha koko kanaka a me ke kahe koko. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻike noninvasive o ke kahe kahe koko maʻamau e ka photoelectric volumetric pulse wave tracing. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi nalu kikoʻī o ke kukui e hoʻomālamalama i ka ʻāpana ana o ke kino, a hiki ke kukuna i ka sensor photoelectric ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana. E lawe ka lāʻau i loaʻa i ka ʻike kikoʻī kūpono o ka hawewe pulse volumetric. No ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke koko i kēlā me kēia manawa me ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana o ka puʻuwai, i ka wā e diastole ai ka puʻuwai, ʻo ka nui o ke koko ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo ke koko absorption o ka mālamalama, ʻike ka sensor i ka nui o ka māmā; Ke ʻaelike ka puʻuwai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka leo a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka māmā māmā i ʻike ʻia e ka mea ʻike. I ka ʻike ʻole ʻana o nā manamana lima me ke kahe o ke koko ka hawewe pulse e like me ka ʻikepili ana pololei, pono ke koho ʻana i kahi kahua ana spectral e hahai i kēia mau loina.
1. Pono e hoʻonui nui ʻia nā veins o nā kīʻaha koko, a e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hapa o ka ʻike kūpono e like me ka hemoglobin a me ICG i ka ʻike kikoʻī o ka spectrum.
2. Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kahe koko e hōʻiliʻili pono i ka hōʻailona hawewe pulse
3. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka spectrum kanaka me ka hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano kikoʻī e nā ʻokoʻa pilikino.
4. He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻokō spectral detection, a maʻalahi e ʻae ʻia e ke kumuhana, i mea e pale aku ai i nā kumu hoʻopilikia e like me ka wikiwiki o ka naʻau a me ke ana kūlana neʻe i hana ʻia e ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi.
Schematic diagram of blood vessel distribution in human palm ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kūlana o ka lima i ka nalu pulse, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka ʻike ʻana i ke kahe kahe o ke koko; Aia ka lima ma kahi kokoke i ke aʻa radial, ikaika ka hōʻailona hawewe puʻupuʻu puʻuwai, maʻalahi ka ʻili e hana i ka haʻalulu mechanical, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻailona ʻike ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hawewe pulse leo e lawe pū i ka ʻike noʻonoʻo ʻili, paʻakikī ke pololei. ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke koko, ʻaʻole kūpono i ke kūlana ana; ʻOiai ʻo ka pāma kekahi o nā wahi kiʻi koko maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o kona iwi ma mua o ka manamana lima, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka nui o ka pāma i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e ka noʻonoʻo diffuse. Hōʻike ka helu 2-5 i ka māhele ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko ma ka pāma. I ka nānā ʻana i ke kiʻi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he nui nā ʻupena capillary ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka manamana lima, hiki ke hōʻike pono i ka ʻike hemoglobin i loko o ke kino kanaka. Eia kekahi, aia kēia kūlana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kahe koko, a ʻo ia ke kūlana ana kūpono o ka hawewe pulse volume. He lahilahi ka ʻiʻo a me ka iwi o nā manamana lima, no laila he liʻiliʻi ka mana o ka ʻike pili hope. Eia kekahi, ua maʻalahi ke ana ʻana o ka manamana lima, a ʻaʻohe mea kaumaha o ke kumuhana, kahi kūpono e loaʻa ai ka hoʻopaʻa paʻa kiʻekiʻe hōʻailona-a-noise ratio spectral. Aia ka manamana lima o ke kanaka me ka iwi, ke kui, ka ʻili, ka ʻiʻo, ke koko venous a me ke koko arterial. I ke kaʻina hana o ka launa pū ʻana me ka māmā, hoʻololi ka nui o ke koko i loko o ka manamana lima peripheral artery me ka paʻi ʻana o ka naʻau, ka hopena i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ana ʻana o ke ala ʻike. ʻOiai mau nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka mālamalama.
Ke hoʻopili ʻia kahi lōʻihi hawewe o ka mālamalama i ka epidermis o ka manamana lima, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ka manamana lima he hui pū ʻia, me nā ʻāpana ʻelua: ka mea static (ke ala ʻike mau) a me ka mea ikaika (hoʻololi ke ala optical me ka nui o ka leo. mea). Ke hoʻomoʻa ʻia ke kukui e ka ʻiʻo manamana lima, loaʻa ke kukui i hoʻouna ʻia e kahi photodetector. ʻO ka ikaika o ke kukui i hoʻouna ʻia i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e ka mea ʻike ua hoʻemi ʻia ma muli o ke komo ʻana o nā ʻāpana kiko o nā manamana lima kanaka. E like me kēia ʻano, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike like o ka absorption kukui manamana lima.
kanaka kūpono:
Oximeter pulupulu manamanalimaHe kūpono ia no nā poʻe o nā makahiki āpau, me nā keiki, nā mākua, nā ʻelemakule, nā maʻi me ka maʻi puʻuwai coronary, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebral thrombosis a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe a me nā maʻi me ka hānō, bronchitis, bronchitis mau, maʻi puʻuwai puʻuwai a me nā maʻi hanu ʻē aʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-17-2022
